Papel do cirurgião dentista frente aos casos de abuso sexual infantil: uma revisão da literatura / Role of the dental surgeon in cases of child sexual abuse: a literature review

Objetivo:Revisar a literatura a respeito do papel do cirurgião-dentista frente aos casos de abuso sexual infantil, abordando sua importância na identificação e no encaminhamento adequado das vítimas, além de discutir a necessidade de conscientização eimplementação de políticas públicasque abordem o tema.Revisão deliteratura:O ambiente odontológico é um ambiente propício para a identificação de sinais de abusosexual infantil, uma vez que o profissional tem contato direto com a saúde bucal e facial das crianças. Desempenha um papel fundamental ao observar e reportar esses sinais, contribuindo para a identificação precoce e o encaminhamento adequado das vítimas.Discussão:A literatura préviasugere a necessidade de fornecersubsídios teóricos, aprofundados no tema,para contribuir na ampliação do conhecimento nessa área. Sendo importantea conscientização e capacitação do cirurgião-dentista nesse contexto, bem como a criação de políticas públicas que visam umaabordagem multidisciplinarquecontribuaparaa conscientização, prevenção e a promoção de ações voltadas à proteção das crianças e ao combate do abuso sexual infantil.Conclusão:O cirurgião-dentista desempenha um papel fundamental na identificação e no encaminhamento adequado das vítimas de abuso sexual infantil. É essencial que esses profissionais sejam devidamente capacitados e conscientizados sobre a importância desse tema, além de estabelecerem uma rede de colaboração com outros profissionais da saúde e serviços especializados.

Aim:To review the literature regarding the role of the dental surgeon in cases of child sexual abuse, addressing its importance in identifying and properly referring victims, in addition to discussing the need for awareness and implementation of public policies that address the issue. Literature review:The dental environment is a favorable environment for identifying signs of child sexual abuse, since the professional has direct contact with the oral and facial health of children. It plays a key role in observing and reporting these signs, contributing to the early identification and proper referral of victims. Discussion:Previous literature suggests the need to provide theoretical subsidies, in depth on the subject, to contribute to the expansion of knowledge in this area. It is important to raise awareness and training of dentists in this context, as well as the creation of public policies aimed at a multidisciplinary approach that contributes to awareness, prevention and promotion of actions aimed at protecting children and combating child sexual abuse. Conclusion:The dental surgeon plays a key role in identifying and properly referring victims of child sexual abuse. It is essential that these professionals are properly trained and aware of the importance of this topic, in addition to establishing a collaboration network with other health professionals and specialized services.

Consultas por sospecha de abuso sexual infantojuvenil en la sección de Ginecología de un hospital pediátrico: variaciones prepandemia e intrapandemia de COVID-19 / Consultations due to suspected child and adolescent sexual abuse at the Department of Gynecology of a children's hospital: pre- and intra-COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción. Se ha postulado que el aislamiento social debido a la pandemia de la enfermedad por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) aumentaría la incidencia de abuso sexual infantojuvenil (ASIJ). Objetivo. Comparar la incidencia y las características de las consultas realizadas en Ginecología en relación con ASIJ antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y comparativo entre las situaciones de sospecha de ASIJ ocurridas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en relación con las del mismo período del año previo en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad. Resultados. Se consignaron 122 consultas por sospecha de ASIJ, 78 en el período previo a la pandemia y 44 en la pandemia. El motivo de consulta al hospital más frecuente, en ambos grupos, fue el relato de ASIJ y, al Servicio de Ginecología en particular, la evaluación de genitales externos. La mayor parte presentó un examen físico normal. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en el grupo de pandemia. Se realizaron más internaciones y denuncias para protección de víctimas en dicho grupo. Se registró que el agresor era conocido de la víctima en casi el 90 % de las víctimas de ambos grupos. Conclusiones. Durante la pandemia se evidenció una disminución en el número total de consultas a Ginecología, de modo que aquellas por sospecha de ASIJ representaron un mayor porcentaje. Sin embargo, las características en relación con la presencia de lesiones graves, infecciones de transmisión sexual o embarazo no se vieron modificadas

Introduction. It has been suggested that the social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the incidence of child and adolescent sexual abuse (CASA). Objective. To compare the incidence and characteristics of medical consultations made to the Department of Gynecology due to CASA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. Descriptive, observational, and comparative study about suspected CASA events occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those occurred in the previous year at a tertiary care children's hospital. Results. One hundred and twenty-two medical consultations due to suspected CASA were recorded; 78 before and 44 during the pandemic. In both groups, the most common reason for consultation at the hospital was an account of CASA and, at the Department of Gynecology in particular, the external genitalia examination. Most subjects had a normal physical examination. There was a higher prevalence of STI in the pandemic group. In addition, there were also more hospitalizations and police reports for victims protection in this group. The abuser was known to the victim in almost 90% of cases in both groups. Conclusions. During the pandemic, the total number of medical consultations to the Department of Gynecology decreased so the percentage of those due to suspected CASA was higher. However, the presence of severe lesions, STIs or pregnancy did not change

Experiencias adversas en la infancia. Conocimiento y uso por médicos residentes de pediatría / Adverse childhood experiences. Knowledge and use by pediatrics residents

Resumen Introducción: Las experiencias adversas en la infancia (EAI) se han relacionado con la adquisición de conductas de riesgo y el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas y mentales, desde la adolescencia y en la vida adulta. Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento y la frecuencia con la que médicos residentes de pediatría interrogan sobre las EAI. Métodos: Mediante una encuesta en línea enviada a todos los médicos residentes del año académico 2017-2018 de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel, se recabaron variables demográficas, del conocimiento, uso, entrenamiento y barreras para interrogar sobre EAI. Resultados: 21 % de los residentes respondió la encuesta, la mayoría fue del sexo femenino (70 %), menos de 5 % de los participantes estaba familiarizado con las EAI, 31 % interrogaba sobre ellas a los padres e hijos y 71 % consideró que tiene alguna barrera para interrogarlas. Conclusiones: Los participantes de este estudio mostraron un conocimiento limitado sobre las EAI, lo que repercutió en la frecuencia con la que preguntaban al respecto a sus pacientes y padres; al menos la mitad tuvo la percepción que identificarlas está fuera del alcance del pediatra.

Abstract Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with the acquisition of risk behaviors and development of chronic and mental diseases since adolescence and in adult life. Objective: To identify the knowledge and the frequency pediatrics residents ask about ACEs with. Methods: Through an online survey sent to all resident physicians of the 2017-2018 academic year of a tertiary care children’s hospital, demographic variables, knowledge, use, training and barriers to interrogate and search for ACEs were collected. Results: 21% of residents answered the survey; the majority were women (70 %), less than 5 % of participants were familiar with ACEs, 31 % enquired about them in parents and their children, and 71 % considered having some barrier to interrogate about them. Conclusions: Participants in this study showed limited knowledge about ACEs, which had an impact on the frequency they enquired about them with in their patients and their parents; at least half had the perception that it is beyond the reach of the pediatrician to identify them.

Abuso sexual en el paciente pediátrico / Sexual abuse in the pediatric patient

Resumen El abuso sexual infantil es la causa específica más común de violencia intrafamiliar en menores de 18 años en Costa Rica. Entre los factores de riesgo se encuentran el pertenecer a una familia disfuncional, el uso de la violencia como método de educación, la falta de educación sexual y los menores de edad con discapacidades cognitivas o trastornos del desarrollo. Los menores de edad tienden a ser víctimas abusadas crónicamente y que su reporte es tardío por lo que la valoración debe iniciarse desde que se tiene la mínima sospecha. El abordaje debe ser integral, realizando una detallada historia clínica y examen físico, así como una valoración legal y recolección de evidencia. Un sinnúmero de consecuencias sufren las víctima de abuso sexual infantil, entre ellos se encuentran los trastornos de personalidad, el trastorno de género, las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y la depresión. Si bien Costa Rica está a la vanguardia a nivel internacional en temas de derechos humanos, la incidencia de casos reportados de abuso sexual infantil ha incrementado en los últimos años por lo que es un tema que involucra a todos los actores de la sociedad para su abordaje.

Abstract Child sexual abuse is the most common specific cause of intrafamilial violence in children under 18 years old in Costa Rica. Among the risk factors are belonging to a dysfunctional family, the use of violence as a method of education, lack of sexual education, and children with cognitive disabilities or developmental disorders. Minors tend to be chronically abused victims and that their report is delayed, so the assessment should start from the moment of the slightest suspicion. The approach must be comprehensive, performing a detailed clinical history and physical examination, as well as a legal assessment and evidence collection. Countless consequences suffer the victims of child sexual abuse, among them are personality disorders, gender disorder, sexually transmitted diseases, and depression. Although Costa Rica is at the forefront of international human rights issues, the incidence of reported cases of child sexual abuse has increased in recent years, which is why it is an issue that involves all actors in society to address it.

Forensic Identification of Child Sexual Abuse / 法医学杂志

This paper reviews relevant literatures at home and abroad. The cases of child sexual abuse are systematically discussed from the aspects of epidemiology and forensic examination, in order to develop and improve the inspection and appraisal thinking and ability of domestic forensic workers in such cases. The paper also briefly introduces the current situation and existing problems of dealing with child sexual abuse cases for case-handling units at base level in China, in order to provide help to the formulation, improvement and development of relevant standards and norms for child protection in China.

Odontólogos y Obligación de Denuncia del Abuso Sexual Infantil en Chile: oportunidades perdidas / Dentists and Mandatory Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse in Chile: missed opportunities

RESUMEN: La obligación de denunciar representa la estrategia clave para abordar al abuso sexual infantil, y se encuentra justificada en la suposición de que la detección temprana ayudará a prevenir lesiones graves (incluso la muerte del niño), aliviará a las víctimas de tener que buscar ayuda por su propia cuenta, y potenciará la coordinación entre las respuestas legales, médicas y sociales. Entre los profesionales sanitaristas con esta obligación se encuentran los odontólogos, quienes se han visto firmemente comprometidos a nivel mundial en la detección, denuncia y la prevención del abuso sexual a partir de la asumida y demostrada presencia de lesiones en boca. Sin embargo, y aunque la legislación vigente manifiesta esta obligación de denuncia, los odontólogos en Chile aparentan no estar preparados ni conceptual ni técnicamente para asumir esta responsabilidad, con lo que este tipo de prueba jurídica se encuentra subvalorada, abordada mínimamente por otras disciplinas no idóneas para tal efecto y virtualmente desconocida en los medios judiciales. En resumidas cuentas, una "oportunidad perdida" en un escenario donde las profundas miradas críticas y el severo juicio social obligan a afinar la mirada y ajustar la totalidad de las herramientas disponibles para lograr suficiencia de la prueba.

ABSTRACT: Mandatory reporting represents the key strategy in child sexual abuse cases. It is based on the assumption that early detection will help prevent serious injuries (even the death of the child), will alleviate victims from the responsibility of asking for help themselves, and at their own risk, and will also encourage coordination between legal, medical, and social response units. Among health professionals with a reporting obligation are odontologists. Worldwide, dentists have actively committed to take part in the detection, reporting and prevention of child sexual abuse from presumed and proven lesions in the mouth. However, although current legislation explicitly states this mandatory reporting, it appears that Chilean dentists are neither conceptually nor technically prepared to take on this responsibility. Hence, this type of forensic legal evidence is undervalued, inadequately addressed within other medical professions, and practically unknown in the judicial system. In summary, this is a "missed opportunity" in circumstances that warrant serious scrutiny, resulting in severe social judgment and criticism. A complete review and regulation of the guidelines in this area must be carried out in order to use all means available, and apply legal measures to provide the necessary proof in these cases.

Admisión hospitalaria por abuso sexual infantil. Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell 2010-2014 / Hospital admission due to child sexual abuse. Pereira Rossell Hospital Center 2010 - 2014

Introducción: el abuso sexual (AS) de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA) constituye un problema relevante, cuya detección ha aumentado en los últimos años. Objetivos: describir las características epidemiológicas del AS en NNA que egresaron del Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR) y conocer la conducta adoptada en relación a la norma impulsada por el Ministerio de Salud en casos de AS agudo. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo que incluyó a los menores de 15 años con diagnóstico de AS al egreso de cuidados moderados del HP-CHPR desde junio de 2010 a junio de 2014. Resultados: se incluyeron 156 pacientes, media de edad 8,1 años, 78% sexo femenino. La media de estadía hospitalaria fue de 8,3 días. El AS fue intrafamiliar en 54%, siendo el responsable más frecuente la pareja de la madre. El 48% fueron episodios reiterados. El 25% fueron AS agudos. El 71% presentaba uno o más factores de riesgo. Se constataron signos específicos de AS en el 20% de los casos e inespecíficos en el 38%. El 45% de las historias incluía el registro de denuncia judicial. En los casos de AS agudo se evaluó el cumplimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral profiláctico, de la toma de muestras exudado vaginal, rectal u oral, la cobertura para ITS y la prevención del embarazo, que se cumplió irregularmente. Conclusiones: el tipo de abuso más frecuente fue intrafamiliar, reiterado y dirigido a niñas y adolescentes de sexo femenino y no presentaban elementos específicos de abuso. La norma recomendada para AS agudo por el Ministerio de Salud se cumplió irregularmente.

Introduction: childhood and adolescent sexual abuse (CSA) is a relevant problem that has increased in recent years. Objectives: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of childhood and adolescent sexual abuse (CSA) of patients who were discharged from the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CH-PRHC) and to learn about the behavior adopted in connection with the recommendations by the Ministry of Health in cases of severe SA. Method: descriptive, retrospective study including children and adolescents younger than 15 years old diagnosed with SA who were released from intermediate care at the CH - HPRC between June 1, 2010 and May 30, 2014. Results: n = 156, mean age 8.1 years old, 78% female. Average hospital stay was 8.3 days. In 54% of cases somebody within the family was responsible for the SA, the mother's partner being the most frequent one; repeated episodes 48%; oral, vaginal and/or anal penetration 6%; 25% of cases were severe; 71% of cases evidenced one or more risk factors; specific signs of SA were found in 20% of cases, being these non-specific in 38% of them. 45% of medical records proved there had been a police report. In the cases of severe SA, fulfilment of prophylactic antiretroviral treatment, taking of vaginal, rectal or oral samples, STD coverage and prevention of pregnancy was assessed. Conclusions: the most frequent kind of sexual abuse was intrafamily child sexual abuse (CSA), which occurred more than once and happened to girls and female adolescents, who did not present abuse-specific elements. There was uneven observation of the recommendations by the Ministry of Health.

Importância do cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico de abuso sexual infantil – revisão de literatura / Importance of the dentist in the diagnosis of child sexual abuse – a review

Introdução: É dever do cirurgião-dentista ser capaz de identificar lesões provenientes de abuso sexual infantil, uma vez que grande parte das mesmas ocorrem nos campos de trabalho deste profissional. Objetivos: O presente trabalho visa, por meio de revisão da literatura, apontar o papel do dentista ao se deparar com lesões provenientes de abuso sexual infantil. Material e método: Informações provenientes de legislação e literatura especializada nacional, relativas ao tema, foram compiladas. Visto que, em suagraduação, os cirurgiões-dentistas recebem pouca ou nenhuma base referente às principais manifestações físicas e psicológicas em situações de abuso sexual, muitos acabam por não conseguirem diagnosticar e, consequentemente, não cumprem seu papel de notificar casos suspeitos, seja por medoou por desconhecer sua obrigação diante deste tipo de violência. Resultados e conclusão: É necessárioque profissionais da Odontologia sejam conscientizados durante sua graduação, para que, depois deformados, não sejam omissos. Portanto, é de extrema importância que o tema passe a compor o plano deensino de todas as instituições, especialmente nas disciplinas de Odontologia Legal e Odontopediatria.

Introduction: All dentists must be able to diagnose lesions from child sexual abuse, once many of the moccur in the working fields of this professional. Objectives: This study aims, through literature review, topoint out the role of the dentist when faced with injuries from child sexual abuse. Method: Information from legislation and national literature on the subject was compiled. Since at her graduation, dentists receivelittle or no basis concerning the main physical and psychological manifestations in sexual abuse situation,and many end up failing to diagnose and therefore do not fulfill their role to notify suspected cases, eitherby fear or by ignoring its obligation on this type of violence. Results and conclusion: Dental professionalsmust be prepared during dental school, so as not to fail after graduation. Therefore, it is of utmostimportance that the issue become part of the teaching plan of all institutions, especially in the disciplines offorensic dentistry and pediatric dentistry.

Dentists and undergraduate dental students require more information relating to child abuse / Dentistas e estudantes de odontologia carecem de melhor informação sobre abuso infantil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preparation for, and the appropriate approach of dentists to the diagnosis of patient mistreatment. METHOD: This investigation was conducted among sixty randomly selected dentistry students: twenty 1st year students, ten 5th year students at our institution, ten 5th year students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Lisbon University, sixteen dentists at the University Clinic of our institution, and four dentists with private offices. Students and dentists took part voluntarily. The exclusion criteria were (a) prior attendance of another degree, (b) cooperation with social organizations; and, for professionals, less than five years of experience. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-squared test) for a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: Among dentists, 38% do not know which area of the organism is the most affected, 43% know it is proper to officially report the fact; out of these, 48% know that the information may be provided anonymously. There are 47% who state that they received no undergraduate training in this area. However, 60% of the students in the last year declare they did receive training. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists are not sufficiently familiar with the subject of child abuse. A regular approach to this matter in undergraduate education is important. It will be very useful to create a working tool unifying the criteria for screening, diagnosing, and registering such events.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: avaliar a preparação dos dentistas para diagnóstico e manejo de pacientes pediátricos vítimas de abuso e maus-tratos. MÉTODO: A pesquisa foi realizada entre sessenta dentistas ou estudantes de odontologia selecionados aleatoriamente: vinte alunos do primeiro ano, dez do quinto ano entre alunos de nossa instituição, dez do quinto ano entre alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Lisboa, dezesseis dentistas da Clínica Universitária de nossa instituição e quatro dentistas com consultórios privados Eles participaram de forma voluntária e os critérios de exclusão foram: (a) atendimento anterior de um outro curso universitário, (b) a cooperação com organizações sociais. Para os profissionais, menos de cinco anos de experiência. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste do qui-quadrado) para um nível de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram que, entre os dentistas, 38% não sabem qual é a área mais afetada do organismo, 43% sabem que é adequado informar oficialmente o fato; destes, 48% sabem que as informações podem ser fornecidas de forma anônima. Há 47% que afirmam não terem recebido instrução nesta área durante seus cusros de graduação. No entanto, 60% dos estudantes do último ano de declararam ter recebido tal instrução. CONCLUSÕES: Os dentistas não estão suficientemente familiarizados com o assunto. Uma abordagem regular deste assunto em ensino de graduação é importante. Será muito útil para criar uma ferramenta de trabalho unificando os critérios para o rastreio, diagnóstico, e registrar tais eventos.

It Is Time for Doctors to Start Seeing the Signs and Hearing the Cries of Abused Children as Professional Guardians

No abstract available.

Verrugas anogenitales y sospecha de abuso sexual infantojuvenil / Anogenital warts and suspicion of child sexual abuse

El presente trabajo se refiere a las lesiones por verrugas anogenitales producidas por el virus de papiloma humano (HPV) en niños. Describe el diagnóstico, la epidemiología, los modos de transmisión, los diagnósticos diferenciales y su relación con el cáncer a largo plazo; también, la presencia de verrugas anogenitales como indicador de abuso sexual infantojuvenil. Finalmente, incluye sugerencias para el pediatra en el manejo de estos pacientes y sus familias.

This article deals with anogenital warts (AGW) injuries caused by human papiloma virus (HPV) in children. Diagnosis, epidemiology, modes of transmission, differential diagnosis, relationship between AGW and cancer are descript. Also, it remarks the presence of AGW as indicator of child sexual abuse. Finally, it includes suggestions for the management of patients and their families by the paediatrician.

Violência contra a criança: indicadores dermatológicos e diagnósticos diferenciais / Child abuse: skin markers and differential diagnosis

As denúncias de abuso contra a criança têm sido frequentes e configuram grave problema de saúde pública. O tema é desconfortável para muitos médicos, seja pelo treinamento insuficiente, seja pelo desconhecimento das dimensões do problema. Uma das formas mais comuns de violência contra a criança é o abuso físico. Como órgão mais exposto e extenso, a pele é o alvo mais sujeito aos maustratos. Equimoses e queimaduras são os sinais mais visíveis. Médicos (pediatras, clínicos-gerais e dermatologistas) costumam ser os primeiros profissionais a observar e reconhecer sinais de lesões não acidentais ou intencionais. Os dermatologistas podem auxiliar na distinção entre lesões traumáticas intencionais, acidentais e doenças cutâneas que mimetizam maus-tratos.

Reports of child abuse have increased significantly. The matter makes most physicians uncomfortable for two reasons: a) Little guidance or no training in recognizing the problem; b - Not understanding its true dimension. The most common form of child violence is physical abuse. The skin is the largest and frequently the most traumatized organ. Bruises and burns are the most visible signs. Physicians (pediatricians, general practitioners and dermatologists) are the first professionals to observe and recognize the signs of intentional injury. Dermatologists particularly, can help distinguish intentional injury from accidental, or from skin diseases that mimic maltreatment.

Maltrato infanto juvenil en discapacitados cognitivos / Infantile-juvenile ill-treatment in cognitive handicapped

El maltrato infantil es uno de los temas más álgidos dentro de la práctica médica pediátrica; si a esto se le suma la condición de discapacidad cognitiva que convierte a niños y adolescentes en población más expuesta y menos apta para identificarlo y defenderse, se estaría tratando un problema médico de alta complejidad. Es importante el conocimiento de este tema en el personal de salud más cercano a la familia, lo que puede contribuir a la disminución de la frecuencia del maltrato y a reducir el tiempo de daño al niño o adolescente. Todo lo anterior puede evitar que estos pequeños sean mal diagnosticados y mal tratados a punto de partida de la desorganización conductual y emocional que en ellos pueden aparecer secundarios al maltrato, muchas veces inexplicables para padres y médicos. Es importante poner a disposición de los especialistas de la atención primaria y personal de salud comunitario, algunos apuntes sobre las particularidades del maltrato infantil en niños y adolescentes con necesidades cognitivas especiales, sus causas, tipos y consecuencias más frecuentes para su salud mental. El maltrato infanto juvenil en discapacitados cognitivos no es probablemente infrecuente en las comunidades y sí quizás poco identificado. La capacidad del personal de salud para encontrarlo siempre será oportuna y salvadora, de ahí la necesidad de conocimientos sobre el tema

The infantile ill-treatment is one of the more inhuman subjects in the pediatric medical practice and if to this feature we added the cognitive inability status converting children and adolescents into a more exposed and less able population to identify it and to defend itself, this will becomes in very complex medical problem. It is important the knowledge of this subject by health staff nearest of family, contributing to decrease of ill-treatment frequency and reducing the damage time to child or adolescent. The above mentioned may to avoid that these little children be ill-diagnosed and ill-treated from the point of view of behavioral and emotional disorganization t hat in their case may to appear secondary to ill-treatment, many times inexplicable for parents and physicians. It is important that primary care specialists and community health staff have some notes on distinctive features of infantile ill-treatment in children and adolescents with special cognitive needs, its causes, types and more frequent consequences for its mental hygiene. The infantile-juvenile ill-treatment in cognitive disabled is frequent in communities and maybe not much identified. Ability of health staff to find it always will be appropriate and savior, thus the need of knowledges on this subject

Violencia doméstica: abordaje en el primer nivel de atención: enfoque médico legal del diagnóstico de abuso sexual / Domestic violence: approach in the primary care level: forensic approach to the diagnosis of sexual abuse

El abuso sexual es una de las formas de maltrato infantil de mayor dificultad para llegar al diagnóstico ya que las lesiones son generalmente un hallazgo y requiere la conformación de un equipo interdisciplinario que aporte desde diferentes perspectivas para alcanzarlo.Es necesario tenerlo presente en la medida justa para no caer en el subdiagnóstico, realizando un examen físico completo en toda consulta pediátrica, desde las de control hasta las que tienen un relato poco verosímil como causa de lesiones.